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Latin America, Caribbean reopening economies. But COVID-19 still sharply rising.

Miami Herald - 6/2/2020

Jun. 2--With Latin America and the Caribbean registering more than 250,000 new infections of COVID-19 over the past week, the entire region of the Americas now account for more than half of new cases reported globally and should serve as a wake-up call to redouble efforts to deal with the pandemic, the Pan American Health Organization said Tuesday.

"The situation we face is dire, but not hopeless, as long as our approach to defeating the virus is based on solidarity," Dr. Carrisa Etienne, the director of the World Health Organization'sAmericas office, said during her weekly press briefing. "We must work together."

Etienne's call for redoubling efforts and unity comes as countries in the region continue to go at it alone in trying to stem the rising tide of transmission, and as President Donald Trump announced that he's "terminating" the United States' relationship with the WHO. The funds, he said, will now be directed to other global health agencies.

Trump has accused the WHO of being controlled by China, which he said has "instigated a global pandemic that has cost over 100,000 American lives."

Etienne said 60 percent of PAHO's budget is from the U.S. and as the regional office for the WHO it would suffer from funding cuts.

Since the start of the coronavirus pandemic, PAHO has donated 3.4 million laboratory testing kits for COVID-19 to 34 laboratories in the region.

"Throughout our history during health emergencies like the one we are facing now and in regular times, we have worked to improve the health and well being of the people; we have worked with important U.S. agencies," Etienne said.

PAHO was founded in 1902 by the U.S. and nine other countries to serve as the specialized public health agency of the Americas. When the WHO was founded in 1948, PAHO decided to join it as its regional office.

"The United States has worked side by side with PAHO and its other member states to expand its coverage of vaccines, control outbreaks, respond to emergencies, eliminate smallpox and polio from our region among many of their shared accomplishments," Etienne said.

PAHO, she noted, wasn't just dealing with COVID-19, but is simultaneously grappling with malaria, measles, dengue fever and other infectious diseases that continue to affect the region.

Added to this is the start of the June 1Atlantic hurricane season, which for Caribbean nations means simultaneously tackling COVID-19 and preparing their disaster response.

Ten weeks after the coronavirus was first introduced in the Americas, the region is now nearing 3 million confirmed cases and the epidemiological curve is still rising sharply in many countries.

"This means that more people will be sick tomorrow than were yesterday," Etienne said.

She and other regional public health experts continued to raise concerns about the speed in which Latin American and the Caribbean countries are reopening economies, the lack of social distancing in countries like Nicaragua and Haiti and the impact of the virus on vulnerable populations.

Dr. Jarbas Barbosa, assistant director of PAHO, said while there is "no single prescription" for countries in Latin America on attacking the virus, there are measures that have proven effective, beginning with social distancing, quarantining and monitoring and testing all suspicious cases.

"When we identify an increase in transmission in the number of new cases that are being seen, then we have to implement... a package of measures capable of reducing the speed of the spread," he said. He added he recognizes this isn't always easy in a region where there is so much poverty and great inequality, but it must be done in order to flatten the curve of the virus' spread.

"We cannot cannot allow it to follow its natural course because in any health system, in the rich countries, this has been proven, the number of serious cases were always greater than the hospitals' capacity and there is going to be a loss of lives," Barbosa added.

Here is a snapshot of some of the steps that Latin America and Caribbean countries continue to take to fight the pandemic as of May 30:

Anguilla: All prohibitions on meetings of more than 25 persons at public and private gatherings, groups or activities have been lifted as of June 1. The The Public Health (Temporary Restrictions on Public Gatherings) Regulations, 2020 expired on May 31 and was not extended. The lifting of the ban is due to the fact that the island has gone more than 57 days since it's last confirmed COVID-19 case.

At the present time there are no suspected cases and no evidence of transmission of the COVID-19 virus within Anguilla. All three confirmed cases have now recovered. The government on May 30 extended the closure of all ports in Anguilla until June 30. Permission has now been given to allow fishing between 5 a.m. and 6 p.m.

As of April 22, certain restrictions were relaxed by the government after extending its March 27 measures until May 12. Among the relaxed restrictions: government offices resumed day-to-day functioning; childcare facilities reopened and some non-essential business were allowed to resume. The island has announced a phased return to fishing beginning April 30th under certain conditions.

The British overseas territory became the final nation in the Americas on March 26 to confirm the coronavirus. The next day the government implemented a two-week restriction on the movement of people and public gatherings that was extended until April 21. Restrictions remain but with the aforementioned relaxed measures.

All seaports and airports, which were closed on March 20 for 14 days, remain closed. Schools, which were supposed to reopen on April 17 have had Easter break extended until May 8. The Ministry of Health & Social Development has also launched a new platform, www.beatcovid19.ai, to keep everyone updated on its response. A day prior to Anguilla'sMarch 26 COVID-19 confirmation of two positive cases, the British Virgin Islands and St. Kitts and Nevis separately confirmed positive cases of the virus. Previously, the government required all persons arriving in Anguilla who had traveled outside of the Caribbean region to be quarantined for 14 days on arrival. All nonessential travel for public officials was suspended. The government also had banned direct flights from Europe, including the United Kingdom; cruise ships with passengers who recently had visited Europe; and a 45-day ban on public and private large gatherings that are likely to involve visitors from overseas.

Antigua and Barbuda: V.C. Bird International Airport will open to commercial flights on June 1. Travelers will need to provide proof of a negative COVID-19 test upon arrival. Antigua and Barbuda still has 25 confirmed cases and three deaths as of May 23. A mandatory 24-hour curfew, went into effect on April 23 until 12:01 a.m.May 15. A daily curfew window from 5 a.m. to 9 p.m. has been authorized by the State of Emergency. Curfew hours have been amended to 9 p.m. to 5 a.m.

As of May 16, beaches reopened on weekends. Visitations are allowed from 5 a.m. to 7 p.m.; tennis and swimming commenced on May 18.

During curfew private vehicles are limited to two per person, and the government has launched an economic recovery commission. The Heritage Quay Duty Free Shopping Center has reopened select stores in accordance with COVID-19 Emergency Orders established by the government. On April 19, Antigua announced the cancellation of this year's Carnival 2020, July 23 to Aug. 4. The country confirmed its first COVID-19 case on March 13. Prime Minister Gaston Browne, hinting at the possible relaxing of measures during a weekend radio program, said "We don't have the luxury of some countries to remain closed for two, three, four months."

A mandatory seven-day, 24-hour curfew first went into effect on April 2 until April 9 and was extended at 6 a.m.April 16 until April 22. On March 30, the government reduced the number of people allowed at funerals from 25 to 10. On March 28, the government banned all yachts, declared a state of emergency until April 11 and imposed an 8 p.m. to 6 a.m. curfew for two weeks. The government previously announced a 30-day ban on all parties, festivals and similar social gatherings. Foreign nationals who have traveled to and from China, Italy, Iran, Japan, Korea and Singapore the past 28 days are not being allowed in. Citizens of Antigua and Barbuda as well as resident diplomats will be allowed entry.

Argentina: The government has extended the national quarantine that began on March 20 through June 7, with greater restrictions in the greater Buenos Aires area. Cases continue to rise. As of May 30, the country had 16, 214 cases and 530 deaths. On March 15, the country closed its borders to all non-resident foreigners.

The government has announced the suspension of all ticket sales for commercial flights scheduled to depart before September 1. Argentina has previously extended the national quarantine through May 24 but some businesses in Buenos Aires and other parts of the country were allowed to reopen on May 12. Cafes and restaurants in the capital also started taking orders for delivery.

As the country slowly reopens, residents are still ordered to stay home and children are only allowed to be out during the weekends. Limited quarantine exemptions include movement to obtain food and medical care and travel to the international airport.

Aruba: As of June 1, lottery sales outlets, restaurants with inside seating, bakeries, coffee shops, spas, massage salons and saunas can all resume operations. A definite date for reopening Aruba's borders has not yet been announced.

The number of active cases is zero as of May 28. Aruba registered 101 positive COVID-19 cases in Aruba and three deaths.

A new curfew came into effect as of May 21, from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. Police checks limited to those of individuals traveling only on public roads. Maritime traffic will be allowed for registered fishermen during the curfew.

As of May 25th, restaurants with outside seating, gyms, beauty salons and barbershops will be allowed to reopen, as will gyms. All must comply with specific protocols defined by the Aruba government and Department of Health. Government departments will also be fully operational with all personnel as of May 25th. Social distancing and hygiene protocols will need to be adhered to at all times.

Aruba's tourism minister has announced tentative plans to reopen the country's borders for some time between June 15 and July 1st.

The government announced that as of April 28, the curfew time would be changed to 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. and all businesses will be required to close by 9 p.m. On May 4 the shelter in place measures were eased with some businesses and government departments allowed to reopen with no more than 15 allowed inside at any one time. The relaxed restrictions will be reevaluated every two weeks. Restrictions on inbound travel for passengers other than legal residents of Aruba and airline staff, extended until May 31. There are no restrictions on outbound passengers. Previously there was a complete lockdown for all incoming passengers from March 17 to March 31.

The Aruba government had extended nightly curfew and mandatory shelter in place directive from April 19 to April 28. On March 28, a 9 p..m. to 6 a.m. daily curfew first went into effect. Under a mandatory shelter-in-place order, people are only allowed to leave their homes for essential business. Anyone caught in violation will be detained until the following morning, fined and then released. At least 180 people have been arrested for violating the curfew. There is a ban on gatherings of four people or more, except for families under the same roof. Hospital visits by the general public are also banned until further notice. Aruba confirmed its first two positive cases on March 13.

Bahamas: New COVID-19 infections continue as the Bahamas moves to phase 3 of the reopening of its economy and postpones repatriation flights from Fort Lauderdale for a later date. There are four additional infections in the past week for 101 confirmed cases as of COVID-19 as of May 30. The majority of the cases are in New Providence with one registered in Cat Cay. The death toll remains at 11 and only 2,050 tests have been conducted.

As of Tuesday, June 2, beaches will reopen in some islands and churches will be allowed to resume as of June 6. Restrictions on weddings, funerals and social gatherings are also relaxed but with social distancing enforcement in this phase.

On May 18, commercial activities resumed in Cat Island, Long Island, Abaco and Andros. Exercise was permitted again on Saturday and Sunday from 5 a.m. to 8 a.m. in residents' immediate neighborhood. Prime Minister Hubert Minnis said the country was looking at reopening for commercial travel on or before July 1st. In the meantime, residents will need a COVID-19 authorization card to travel some family islands.

Minnis earlier in May assumed the role of acting health minister following the resignation of Dr. Duane Sands after Minnis accused him of breaching protocol when he allowed a private flight with six residents, transporting COVID-19 texting swabs, to land despite the closure of the country's borders.

Minnis on May 3, announced a phased reopening of the economy. Certain islands in the southern Bahamas were allowed to fully resume commercial activities while construction sector received the go-ahead in New Providence and on Grand Bahama, which is still recovering from last year's hurricane. He also said returning residents will need to provide a negative COVID-19 test and be quarantined for 14 days. The government said it is finalizing plans to secure a mandatory quarantine facility to accommodate the return of approximately 200 Bahamians stranded in the U.S.

The Bahamas went into its third emergency powers COVID-19 lockdown on April 17 until April 20th. Under the lockdown everything was ordered to remain closed except for essential services. While a curfew remains in effect, Prime Minister Hubert Minnis on April 19, announced the partial re-opening of home and hardware stores, auto parts establishments and plant nurseries, and the resumption of construction in the Family Islands. Landscaping and property maintenance services will also be allowed to operate during the 24-hour curfew, Monday to Friday 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.

The country, which recently had medical supplies blocked by the U.S., had previously announced a mandatory shutdown of all services from 9 p.m.April 3 until 6 a.m.April 6. Similar to the Cayman Islands, the government announced a new food shopping schedule based on an individual's last name, until further notice. All Bahamians are to remain confined to their homes. All airports, seaports and public beaches are closed. No tourists are allowed to enter the country. The penalty for breaking the orders is a fine of up to $10,000, up to 18 months in prison or both. The government had already closed businesses and schools until April 14, banned parties and public gatherings and imposed travel restrictions for nonresidents who had traveled to China, Iran, Italy, South Korea, and Europe in the last 20 days prior to the order. Returning residents were subjected to quarantine for a maximum of 14 days if they have visited the countries. All national sporting events and permits for use of public spaces are suspended.

Barbados: After registering its last positive case on May 23, no new infections have been reported. As of May 30, there are 92 confirmed cases and still seven deaths. With 5,272 tests completed, Barbados says it has tested 1.7 percent of its population. The government this week announced a further reopening of the economy: The alphabet shopping system imposed for banks and supermarkets during the lockdown has ended. Stand-alone bars, however, remain closed.

A week after limited Beach access was granted, beaches can now operate from 5 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. but no picnics are allowed. All national parks also reopened. The curfew has also been relaxed and will be from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. Monday thru Thursday and 8 p.m. to 5 a.m. Friday through Sunday.

As of Monday, June 1, in-house dinning will be allowed and churches were told they now needed a minimum of 40 square-feet of space per person. The country began relaxing measures on May 18, allowing hairdressers and barbershops to reopen; restaurants were also allowed to do curbside and drive-thru only while churches were told they could resume services but with a 20 person limit.

The government has issued a number of mandatory health and safety protocols for the reopening businesses, including limiting work requiring human contact, wearing face masks, increased sanitizing of facilities, and practicing social distancing. Barbados is also allowing contact-less sports.

As of May 4, the country's 24-hour lockdown reverted to an overnight curfew from 8 p.m. until 5 a.m. Beaches will be open from 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. daily. Prime Minister Mia Mottley announced earlier in the week Barbados had received 45,000 additional coronavirus testing kits.

As of April 15, residents were allowed to conduct essential businesses two days a week according to their last name. There is a mandatory 14-day quarantine for all persons entering Barbados. The government has also announced the cancellation of the popular Crop Over Festival, scheduled for June and July, and National Independence Festival of Creative Arts, which was slated for October and November 2020. The country, which previously bought testing kits from the Cayman Islands, has also received 11,000 additional testing kits from the Pan American Health Organization.

Barbados' health ministry confirmed its first COVID-19 related death on April 5. The government recently introduced a staggered shopping schedule based on last name, with the elderly and disabled customers granted two days of exclusive access to supermarkets, hardware stores and fish markets. Prime Minister Mia Mottley recently crossed party lines to enlist the help of former prime minister and minister of finance Owen Arthur, and ex-finance minister Chris Sinckler to be part of a Jobs and Investment Council, advising on economic matters related to the virus. The 24-hour curfew first went into effect on April 3 with the temporary closure of all supermarkets and residents only allowed to leave their homes to seek medical assistance or to go to the pharmacy.

The government had previously announced the closure of all beaches and a ban on the sale of alcohol from April 3 to April 14, which has since been extended to May 3. The toughen measures began on March 28 when the government's Stage 3 activation plan went into effect, initially until April 14. Under the plan, only essential services are allowed to operate, and the movement of nonessential personnel was restricted between 8 p.m. and 6 a.m. daily. The country has temporarily suspended outgoing international mail due to the coronavirus. Mottley announced in Parliament that Barbadian-born songstress Rihanna had offered to donate $700,000 worth of ventilators to the island-nation. On March 19, Mottley declared that all persons coming from the U.S., U.K. and the rest of Europe will need to self-quarantine for 14 days. Initially reluctant to implement travel restrictions, Mottley made the announcement after confirming Barbados had five COVID-19 cases. Barbados had announced a restriction on public gatherings to no more than 100 people, suspension of visits to nursing homes and Queen Elizabeth Hospital.

Belize: The country has gone more than a month without an active confirmed cases of COVID-19. There were 18 confirmed cases and two deaths. Prime Minister Dean Barrow said on May 14 that the Central American nation was one of only 12 countries and territories in the entire world to be COVID-19 free. The country has a goal of reopening its borders on July 1.

Churches can now hold services but there is a 10-person limit. The legal return of Belizeans, including students who want to be repatriated has begun; all returnees will be subject to a mandatory 14-day quarantine. The country has launched a local tourism push and Barrow announced that hotel pools are allowed to be used. Belizeans can once again eat out at restaurants as long as there is outdoor seating. Tables need to be six feet apart and not more than 10 persons are to be accommodated at any one time.

Barrow says he doesn't expect international flights to be back before July. Belize was among the last batch of countries in the region to register positive COVID-19 cases. The government said as of April 25 when special measures expire, there will be no extension of the additional special buffers. All in-country public transportation by land, air and sea has resumed for essential workers and essential purposes. But the country still remains in lockdown mode. The Ministry of Health, which had increased the quarantine period to 21 days, now says six people have fully recovered after second tests showing they were negative for COVID-19. Restrictions, including closed ports, remain in place.

On April 3, Prime Minister Dean Barrow announced the closure of the country's borders even to Belize nationals and said Easter events had been canceled. He also warned businesses and residents not to try to get around the strict measures put in place. Effective March 25, all restaurants closed for indoor dining; so too did bars, nightclubs and casinos. Barrow also announced that all gatherings of more than 10 persons are banned; buses are restricted to their capacity, and prior to boarding buses, passengers must wash and sanitize their hands. The government has sought the assistance of a team of about 60 Cuban doctors to help contain the virus. Belize had previously announced a travel ban on visitors who had, within the last 30 days, visited China, Hong Kong, Iran, Japan, South Korea or Europe.

Bermuda: There are 140 confirmed positive cases and nine deaths as of May 30, the government said. Though infections continue, a phased reopening of the economy started on May 21. This includes a 20-persons limit on weddings and funerals and only outdoor dining at restaurants. Retail stores opened for in-store customers will follow the same alphabetical shopping days in place for grocery stores. Restaurants, and licensed bars with outdoor facilities must have permission of the health ministry to operate. The island's borders remain restricted to residents only.

Members of the government have agreed to take a 15 percent reduction on their salaries. A shelter-in-place order that was extended until May 2 has now evolved into a 10 p.m .to 6 a.m. curfew. The island's borders remain closed to non-residents. Bermuda's airport was closed to commercial air service on March 20, and vessels, other than vital cargo for residents, are not allowed to enter the seaport. Prison inmates are currently working on a "Mask Task" project, which involves designing and sewing masks for inmates and corrections staff. The government hopes to soon issue the homemade masks. In lieu of regular face to face visits, the department will be introducing virtual visit for the inmates at all facilities this week.

On April 6, a British Airways charter flight brought back more than 100 residents and testing kits. On April 3, Bermuda announced a new 14-day shelter-in place order as of 8 p.m. All churches and restaurants were closed, with even take-out service prohibited. Funerals can only have a maximum of 10 mourners and must be conducted in cemeteries. Police are doing road checks and visiting homes. Penalties range from a $6,000 to $10,000 fine or 3 month imprisonment. After Premier David Burt confirmed six cases of COVID-19 on March, 22, he ordered the closure of most retail stores and of cinemas. He said 1,400 hotel workers have been laid off as a result of the pandemic. Bermuda had previously called for all arriving passengers as of March 17 to self-quarantine for 14 days, and be subject to Public Health monitoring, the government said. There is a travel ban for visitors arriving from countries where there is a sustained community spread of COVID-19.

Bolivia: Infections and deaths continue to rise. The country now has 9,592 confirmed cases as of May 31. The death toll has also jumped to 310. Bolivia extended its national lockdown, which began on March 20, through June 30. It had a previous deadline of May 17, and before that April 30.

Persons and vehicles are prohibited from circulating between 6 p.m. and 5 a.m. Monday through Friday but can circulate during the day with limits on the number of people in vehicles. On weekends, vehicles are prohibited from circulating. People may circulate on foot or bicycle within 500 meters of their home. Classes and other public events remain suspended.

Some municipalities classified by the government as "low risk" were allowed to loosen restrictions as of May 11. But even in La Paz, where there are still a large number of cases, some businesses resumed activities despite the quarantine orders. On May 11, some restrictions on movement were lifted in some areas

The government also closed the borders and airspace on March 23, and postponed presidential elections originally scheduled for March to May 17. But on April 30, the National Assembly voted to postpone it for 90 days.

Interim President Jeanine Áñez has threatened to jail people for 10 years and impose steep fines for those who violate her COVID-19 isolation orders. Human Rights Watch has raised concerns about language in he March 25 emergency powers decree saying an overly broad provision could be used by authorities to prosecute government critics.

Bonaire: All six confirmed cases in the territory have recovered. The territory, along with Sint Eustatius and Saba had no deaths. A flight ban set to expire on April 28, was extended to May 15 and now June 15 after Bonaire announced a tentative opening of the Flamingo International Airport for that date. The government previously announced a suspension of flights from Europe until March 31. This includes flights originating in the European Netherlands. A 30-day ban on cruise ships also took effect on March 14. The island's government said if no one tests positive for the coronavirus in the coming days, they will announce when schools and sports facilities can reopen in a controlled and gradual manner.

Brazil: After registering 956 deaths in a day, Brazil became the country with the fourth-highest coronavirus-related death toll with 28,834 deaths on May 31. Only the United States, United Kingdom and Italy have recorded more deaths.

The epicenter of COVID-19 cases in South America, Brazil has 498,440 cases as of May 31. That's an additional 167,550 cases over eight days. The pandemic is overwhelming hospitals in multiple states and beds in intensive care units are limited. The country is struggling with a testing backlog. On May 26, a White House ban on Brazil travel went into effect. The Trump administration says any foreigners traveling to the United States cannot enter if they had been in Brazil in the last two weeks.

Brazil's health minister, Nelson Teich, resigned after only two weeks due to disagreements with right-wing President Jair Bolsonaro regarding the coronavirus response. Teich told Congress earlier in May that the government didn't truly know the extent of the COVID-19 crisis in Brazil because many people are asymptomatic. Brazil's congress previously asked Bolsonaro to release the results of his coronavirus tests. Nearly two dozen people who traveled with him to the U.S. in March tested positive for the virus. Bolsonaro has trivialized the coronavirus, calling it "a little flu." He continues to dismiss social isolation measures and attack state governors who have introduced lockdowns. He has said the economic fallout is worse than the outbreak. Brazil closed all land borders as of March 19. With the exception of residents and immediate family members of Brazilians, the airport is still closed to foreigners . Brazil was the first country in South America to register a case of the coronavirus.

British Virgin Islands: The country continues to report no active cases as of May 30 after registering eight confirmed infections including one death. A 28 days, 24-hour lockdown has ended and COVID-19 restrictions relaxed with social distancing and the wearing of masks enforcement. On May 10, a new curfew went into effect, running from 7 p.m. to 6 a.m. nightly for 14 days. Beaches also reopened for exercise and therapy from 6 a.m. to 1 p.m. daily.

Effective April 29, some additional businesses and establishments resumed operations between the hours of 6 a.m. and 1 p.m.

The country confirmed its eight COVID-19 infection on May 14. Following a 24-hour curfew measure, Premier and Minister of Finance Andrew Fahie announced on April 15 that a new curfew would go in effect from 6:01 a.m. Thursday, April 16 to April 30. But the curfew ended on April 25 with ports still closed. Fahie previously announced that the cabinet of the British Virgin Islands had endorsed a plan to reopen the country' in phases. On April 18, approved businesses were allowed to clear supplies at Port Purcell, Tortola and St. Thomas Bay, Virgin Gorda. Businesses approved by the cabinet as critical or key will be permitted to operate as long as they have the necessary in-store sanitation and other measures in place.

On March 25, the British territory officially confirmed its first two cases of COVID-19, one of the last Caribbean nations to register cases. Both cases are travel-related: One involved a visit to Europe; the other, New York. But as of 12:01 a.m.March 23, the country's airports and seaports were shut to inbound and outgoing passengers until April 6 and extended. Internal travel between the four main islands of Anegada, Tortola, Virgin Gorda and Jost Van Dyke will continue. Nonessential gatherings of 20 persons or more were prohibited, and all businesses, services and recreational facilities were ordered closed between 8 p.m. and 6 a.m. until April 17, and remain so. The government previously banned cruise ships for 30 days starting on March 14, and announced the immediate closure of the Tortola cruise port. The BVI also limited international arrivals to just three ports.

Cayman Islands: With expanded testing, infections continue to increase. The country now has 141 confirmed cases of COVID-19, an increase of 12 additional cases over eight days. There is still one death, a visiting cruise ship passenger from Italy.

So far, 10 percent of the population has undergone testing. The economy is slowly reopening. The Cayman Islands is currently not contemplating reopening its borders. The government previously announced a staged "unlocking" process. It also has set up an an electronic database to track the quantity of personal protective equipment and other COVID-19 supplies available in the country. Little Cayman's hard curfew has been lifted as of May 5 but social distancing must be respected and masks are mandated in enclosed and public places; travel between the islands is still restricted. .Expanded testing of front-line workers continues.

The postal service reopened on April 29 on a limited basis. Florists have been given special exemption so they can deliver Mother's Day flowers on Sunday. A hard curfew between 7 p.m. and 5 a.m. returned on April 22; exercise will only be permitted between 5:15 a.m. and 6:45 p.m.; beaches, closed earlier this month after cases spiked, remain in lockdown.

The premier previously announced that Cayman had recently sold, at cost, 20,000 extra testing kits to Barbados. There are also inquiries about another 35,0000 that were destined for Bermuda, which many not need as many. The inquiries have been received from St. Lucia, Bahamas, Belize, Jamaica, Turks and Caicos and Falkland Islands. The government announced that until masks are available in large quantities, wearing of masks will not be made mandatory at places of greater public contact such as banks, supermarkets, gas stations or pharmacies. Schools in the Cayman Islands remain closed.

The closure of the airport was previously extended and the government plans to keep restrictions in place for likely four more weeks. Hard curfew and soft curfews had been extended to April 17, and have been extended. Those with last names A-K can do essential travel only on Mondays, Wednesday and Fridays. Last names L-Z can do so only on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. A hard curfew remains active from 7 p.m. until 5 a.m. daily and all day on Sundays. On March 29 the government announced the suspension of all jury trials and more stringent policing, including roadblocks and checks during the curfew. Caymanians came under a curfew on March 24. Anyone breaking curfew will be subject to arrest without a warrant and on summary conviction will be liable to a fine of $3,590 or imprisonment for one year, or both. More than 280 breaches of curfew have been recorded. At least one person received imprisonment for four months and three are facing court trials. The government also had ceased all inbound passenger air traffic and allowed restaurants to takeouts and delivery only. The government also hardened a ban on public gatherings, including church services, from 50 persons to no more than 10. Exempt businesses must put provisions in the workplace to prevent employees from coming within six feet of each other, Premier Alden McLaughlin announced. The government had already suspended international mail services until April 13; banned cruise ships for 60 days and closed schools until April 26. Effective March 13, a 60-day travel ban was expanded to include visitors from the 26-country Schengen bloc in Europe, China, Iran, Japan and South Korea. The Caymans recorded its first, and so far only, COVID-19 related death on March 14, a 68-year-old Italian cruise ship passenger with a heart condition. At least two of the cases worked at Health City Cayman Hospital, where the man had been hospitalized.

Chile: COVID-19 infections and deaths are continuing to climb. Chile has 99,688 confirmed cases. It's death toll has also increased to 1,054 as of May 31.

Despite the continued rise in infections and deaths, LATAM on May 1 resumed commercial flights between Santiago and the U.S.

The outbreak remains uncontrolled with widespread community transmission. Quarantine in some communities has been extended until June 5 after a previous May 29 deadline. Chile remains under a daily nationwide curfew from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. Residents are required to get a permit to leave their residence. The South American nation has announced a controversial plan to hand out "immunity" certificates so some people can move around. Chile has introduced a system of partial quarantines based on a formula that takes into consideration new cases per capita in an area, its elderly population and health care access. There is a mandatory self-quarantine of all citizens age 75 and older.

Chile previously shut its borders to all non-resident foreigners starting March 18, and is requiring all those arriving to self-quarantine. It has also imposed a curfew from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. and obligatory isolation for those over 80 years old. Previously, it prohibited all gatherings of 50 people or more. Chile also has suspended classes at the elementary, secondary and university level in the capital of Santiago and 20 other cities to combat the COVID-19 outbreak.

Colombia: Positive cases continue climbing with the South American country reporting 28,236 cases and 890 deaths as of May 31. In the span of eight days, the country's total jumped by 9,105 cases and deaths by 208.

As of June 1, new measures went into effect with 43 exceptions to the previous order. Colombia had previously extended its quarantine until May 31 after previously reporting an April 26, a May 11 and May 25 deadline. All incoming flights remain suspended but some restrictions are being loosened. The construction sector, for example, is being allowed to resume work. Previously, on March 20, residents over 70 years of age were ordered to go into isolation. And on March 17, the South American nation closed all of its land, sea and river borders through May 30.

Costa Rica: Infections continue to rise. As of May 23, the country has confirmed 1,047 cases and 10 deaths. About half of the cases are concentrated in San José, the country's most populous province. The country's borders remain closed to foreigners without legal residency in the country until June 15.

President Carlos Alvarado Quesada declared a state of emergency on March 16. Unlike other Central American countries, Costa Rica never adopted a total curfew due to the pandemic. The government banned mass gatherings, asked people to stay home as much as possible, limited traffic on the streets, encouraged telework, and closed national parks, beaches and non-essential businesses.

On April 27, Quesada and the country's Health Minister, Daniel Salas, announced guidelines to re-open the country starting May 1. Movie theaters, athletics centers and gyms, which had been closed since March 18, were allowed to operate during weekdays.

On May 11, Quesada's government unveiled a four-stage plan to gradually reopen. From May 16 to May 31, some national parks can open at 50 percent capacity, non-contact sports can reopen and high-level contact sports can do so without spectators, hotels with a maximum of 20 rooms can open at 50 percent capacity and during the week, beaches can open from 5 a.m. to 8 a.m. From June 1 to June 20, the remaining national parks and hotels, as well as all restaurants and museums will be allowed to reopen at 50 percent capacity. The partial border shutdown that began March 19 will remain in effect until June 15, but may be extended. Only Costa Rican citizens and residents, minor children of Costa Rican citizens and foreign diplomats will be able to enter Costa Rica; anyone can leave.

Starting June 21 and until July 12, all stores can reopen at 50 percent capacity, all movie theaters can reopen every day at 50 percent capacity, religious centers will have the green light to hold mass gatherings of 100 people maximum and staying 6 feet apart, and bars will reopen at 25 percent capacity. From July 13 to August 2, schools will reopen, beaches will reopen fully with social distancing advised, and high-contact sports can start allowing spectators to watch as long as they operate under a 20 percent capacity at each venue.

Cuba: The infections and fatalities continue to rise. The country has 2,045 confirmed cases and 83 deaths as of May 31. The number of new daily cases is decreasing and health authorities believe the country is flattening the curve.

But a Herald investigation found a spike in acute respiratory cases starting in mid-March, which experts believe suggests a much larger COVID-19 outbreak in Cuba.

After weeks of keeping the country open, the government said it would no longer take tourists as of March 24. Only Cubans who reside on the island and foreign citizens who are permanent residents or work on the island were able to re-enter the country, and they were isolated for 14 days in boarding schools and other similar facilities.

Under these rules, Cuban Americans and Cubans permanently living abroad were not allowed in. Cubans living on the island cannot travel overseas until further notice. Tourists who did not leave the country were confined to state-run hotels.

All flights were suspended on April 2. Schools remain closed.

On April 7, the government acknowledged there was local transmission and announced further isolation measures, including quarantines, limited to neighborhoods with active transmission of the virus.

Curaçao: The island now has 20 confirmed cases and one death as of May 31. The curfew has been extended to midnight until 6 a.m. Restaurants can now open until 10 p.m. and permitted to allow in-house dinning. Casinos are also allowed to operate. Shelter in place measures were lifted on May 8 after being extended on April 28 for two weeks.

The CuraçaoInternational Airport remains closed until further notice for all inbound passengers from all countries after setting a May 10 and April 26 deadline. The Hato Airport in Curacao was closed to all traffic from Europe on March 15 until further notice. The decision came after Curacao recorded its first positive case. The government has enacted temporary restrictions on flights and has limited incoming traffic to returning residents, essential medical specialists, nurses, and professionals. The airport has also suspended all operations of its immigration E-Gates to control the spread of COVID-19. The country's seaports continue to be closed.

Dominica: After nearly two months of no positive cases, Dominica recorded two new COVID-19 infections from repatriated cruise ship workers. Both were asymptomatic and have been placed in mandatory quarantine. The country now has registered 18 infections and no deaths, with 16 individuals recovered. On May 18, barbershops, hair salons, spas, nail salons, were allowed to reopen by appointment only. The government also announced several measures to ease the financial burden of the virus.

Regional airlines LIAT extended its suspension of commercial flights until May 31. As of May 12, the Emergency Powers Act Order 2020 was extended for two weeks with the country on lockdown between 7 p.m. and 5 a.m. Mondays to Friday, and a 6 p.m. to 5 a.m. curfews Saturdays through Monday. The curfew remains in effect.

Earlier in May, Health Minster Irvin McIntyre said the restrictions were being eased because there had been no reported transmission for at least 28 days. Appliance, electronic, clothing and textile shops were allowed to reopen for business and beaches and rivers were reopened. The health ministry announced a community-based survey to detect asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19 and to identify persons who may have developed antibodies. Skerritt has announced the easing of some restrictions including the reopening of some businesses. They will be allowed to operate from 6 a.m. to 4 p.m. Passenger buses can transport two passengers per row, and the ban on the purchase of liquor is also lifted, effective April 27. The ban on large gatherings of more than 10 persons remains in effect.

The country has extended its state of emergency for an additional three months, and the curfew was extended for another 21 days as of April 20. The ministry previously announced that it received additional COVID-19 test kits from the People's Republic of China, the Pan American Health Organization and the Venezuelan government. Ferreira also announced that the ministry is preparing to use an antibody test for COVID-19 and trials have been conducted in the Laplaine Health District. The antibody test, he said, will aid in determining who is immune to COVID-19 and who is susceptible to the disease.

The government also announced it will be retrofitting a ward of the Dominica China Friendship Hospital, and another facility in Portsmouth to treat COVID-19 patients. Previously, the island's Catholic bishop suspended all religious gatherings on March 24, and limited funerals to no more than 10 persons. The government also announced a ban on all public gatherings of more than 10 persons; nonessential public services are also suspended. Dominica registered its first cases on March 22, and in both cases, the patients had travel history involving the United Kingdom. The country had previously banned all travel to and from China. Arriving passengers must complete a health declaration form and be screened for elevated body temperature. Anyone showing flu-like symptoms or who has been to an affected area in the past 14 days may be placed in 14-day home quarantine.

Dominican Republic: The country, which shares the island of Hispaniola with Haiti, continues to lead the Caribbean with 17,285 confirmed --2,863 additional new cases over eight days -- as of May 31. There were 44 additional deaths for a total of 502. The country had extended its state of emergency by another 15 days. On May 18, new curfew hours went into effect and will remain in place through June 1st. The new curfew hours are Monday through Saturday 7 p.m. to 5 a.m., and Sunday 5 p.m. to 5 a.m.

On May 29, lawmakers extended emergency measures by an additional 25 days for the fourth time. Health Minister Dr. Rafael Sánchez Cárdenas asked lawmakers to approve the extension because the risks of contagion of COVID-19 remain high so the curfew and other restrictions must continue.

The ministry has said it is concerned about the concentration of community transmission in some provinces, and urged the population to avoid crowds, maintain social distancing and to wear masks. The country extended its quarantine, put in place on March 19, through mid-May. In addition, the May 17 presidential elections have been postponed until July 5.

Masks are mandatory in all public spaces and a 5 p.m. to 6 a.m. curfew is in place. Public transportation, including buses, shared minibuses, metro trains, and cable cars have suspended services to limit the public's ability to move freely in urban areas. Surveillance on the streets has been expanded and police and military control tightened. All the social distancing measures adopted on March 17 have also been extended. Among those who have died from the coronavirus is famed designer Jenny Polanco on March 24. The island announced its first 21 cases and its first death on March 16, a 47-year-old woman who had recently returned from Spain. The next day, the country announced that as of March 17, it was suspending all international flights for 15 days as well as closing its land border with Haiti, though deportations continue and Haitians continue to cross over through the barriers. Most hotels have said they are ceasing operations due to zero occupancy. The country previously canceled flights from Milan, Italy, and announced travelers from locations with a higher incidence of COVID-19 cases may be subject to additional screening or self-isolation.

Ecuador: The country has the third highest number of coronavirus cases in Latin America after Brazil and Peru. As of May 31, the country had 39,098 confirmed cases and 3,358 deaths, according to the government. Many of the cases are concentrated in the coastal province of Guayas. The government had restricted movement throughout the country with very limited exceptions and imposed a nationwide curfew from 2 p.m. to 5 a.m. Face masks are mandatory in most locations. The government has announced intentions to restart the economy, with an emphasis on regions where the outbreak has been more mild. It has also begun to authorize flights home for stranded citizens. The South American nation has been under a state of emergency since March 23.

El Salvador: As of May 31, the Central American nation has confirmed 2,517 positive cases and 46 deaths. Both infections and deaths have increased over the past week.

The U.S. recently donated 250 ventilators to the Central-American country. During a press conference to announce the donation, President Nayib Bukele said he was taking hydroxychloroquine to prevent COVID-19. The World Health Organization recently announced that it had suspended research into the drugs over questions about its efficacy and side effects.

The country's national quarantine, which has been in place since mid March, is set to end May 19. Only those who carry out essential activities are allowed to leave their home and when they do, they must wear a mask. On May 14, however, Bukele asked the Legislative Assembly to extend the curfew and the state of emergency for 15 more days.

The country imposed some of the strictest measures in the region even before registering its first case. Under the state of emergency, the government can ban group meetings, and keep schools and universities, bars and clubs closed, and other non-essential businesses closed.

Recently, Bukele faced backlash for authorizing the police and military to use "lethal force" against gang members, after a particularly deadly weekend in the country. He justified his action by saying the criminals in the jails were taking advantage of the distracted authorities.

Falkland Islands: All confirmed 13 cases have recovered in the Falkland Islands, where there were no deaths. Argentina has included the territory's COVID-19 figures in its own tallies, triggering debate over Argentina's sovereignty claims over the British Overseas Territory. The South American air bridge to the islands has been temporarily suspended. Also most attractions, some accommodation, and venues are now temporarily closed, and all activities and events are canceled. Falkland Islands Government Air Service and Ferry service are only operating a freight and essential travel service until future notice.

French Guiana: Infections continue to rise while the number of deaths remained at one as of May 31. There were 477 confirmed cases, an increase of 45 over the past nine days. The restrictions, included confinement that ended on May 11, for Martinique and other French territories also apply here as well.

Grenada: There are 23 confirmed cases and no deaths in Grenada as of May 31. The country saw two positive cases after easing restrictions and opening beaches from 5 a.m. to 11 a.m. While the borders are still closed, Grenada has started to readmit stranded nationals.

There is an ongoing 7 p.m. to 5 a.m. curfew. In a national address Prime Minister Keith Mitchell said effective May 11, approved businesses will operate between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. Other new areas slated for reopening this week include, real estate services, laundromats, landscapers and gardeners, flower shops, consumer credit stores and companies offering payday loans. Limited ferry services have also been approved for reopening this week, between mainland Grenada and the two sister islands.

The government has canceled Spicemas 2020. Grenada remains under a limited state of emergency with restrictions being lifted on a weekly basis. Grenada has been in lockdown with a curfew restricting citizens' movement since March 25. Prime Minister Keith Mitchell has launched a task force to help reactivate economic activity in the Spice Island post-COVID-19. So far, more than 700 Grenadians have benefited from the COVID-19 Economic Stimulus Package.

On April 3, the government announced that following a limited 21-day State of Emergency that began March 25, a curfew and emergency power regulations have been put in place to try and limit the spread of the coronavirus. Residents can only leave their homes for food or medical emergencies; supermarkets will be open on select days from 8 a.m. to noon. On March 23, all airports were closed to commercial flights after the government announced Sunday its first confirmed COVID-19 case: a 50-year-old female who arrived from the United Kingdom on March 16. The country had previously said travelers who have been to Hong Kong, China, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Iran, Italy, or Germany in the last 14 days are subject to quarantine or other restrictions.

Guadeloupe: There are now 162 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 14 deaths as of May 31. Air France Commercial Airline is operating flights twice a week on Wednesdays and Fridays from Guadeloupe to Paris. There is a curfew from 9 p.m. to 4 a.m. Gatherings of more than 10 people are still prohibited. The travel restriction and stringent measures applied to all French territories were also put in place for Guadeloupe, including 24-hour confinement that ended on May 11. For more information, travelers should visit the public health website.

Guatemala: Cases continue to spike by nearly 2,000 additional infections in the past week. As of May 31, there were 4,739 confirmed cases and and additional 49 deaths for a tally of 102 fatalities. The country is operating with limited activities and under a modified curfew schedule after the president locked it down on several occasions. During the period of closure, all non-essential travel and public activities are prohibited.

Previously, on May 14, President Alejandro Giammattei announced new restrictions, including "the complete closure of Guatemala" until 5 a.m.May 18. He banned all non-essential travel. Small neighborhood shops were allowed to open from 8 a.m. to 11 a.m.May 15 to May 17, but customers could only arrive by foot. That was extended to May 25. Giammattei has publicly criticized the Trump administration for sending him deportees infected with the virus.

Nonessential businesses are closed. Hotels and banks are open from 4 a.m. to 4 p.m. Restaurants can open their drive-through services from 4 a.m. to 6 p.m. and their delivery services 24/7. Anyone who disobeys the social distancing protocols and recommendation to wear a mask in public is subject fines ranging from 7,000 quetzals, or about $900, to 150,000 quetzals, or about $20,000.

Previously, the Guatemalan government had declared a "state of calamity" on March 5 and then extended it to May 29. Until then, all public events (including sports and cultural ones) are forbidden, schools and universities will remain closed and public transportation suspended. The government is encouraging telework on both the public and private sector. The country closed its borders early March until further notice. The country had also temporarily suspended deportations from the U.S. after several deportees tested positive upon arrival. Giammattei implemented a curfew on March 22 from 4 p.m. to 4 a.m. On April 20, he pushed it two hours, to start at 6 p.m. and end at 4 a.m.

Guyana: The English-speaking South American nation remains in the middle of an election recount and continues to see infections rise. It has 127 confirmed cases and 10 deaths as of May 23. A limited number of essential services will be operating daily with reduced hours of service. A full list of details is available here and the full text of the emergency order is available in the official Gazette.

There are four quarantine facilities with a total capacity of 254 people in the country. The Ministry of Health has allowed private hospitals to begin testing for COVID-19. Emergency measures, including a 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. curfew, were put in place on April 9 have been extended from May 3 to June 3. People inside essential businesses must wear a mask and stand six feet apart. The government has taken over the Ocean View Hotel to convert into a National Sanatorium for COVID-19 patients.

On March 18, Guyana closed its airports to all arriving international travelers for two weeks. They remain closed. The country recorded the first COVID-19-related death among Caribbean Community nations on March 12. The woman had recently traveled from New York and had underlying health conditions. Schools remain closed. The High Commission of India has suspended consular services.

Haiti: Infections and deaths in Haiti are on a sharp incline. On May 31 after confirming 259 new cases in 24 hours, Haiti registered 2,124 positive cases and 44 deaths. The country continues to lag with testing due to there only being two testing sites, both in the capital, and stigma. Everyone admits that the actual infections are far higher and there is an 80 percent probability that those displaying symptoms of COVID-19 actually have the disease.

Though additional treatment beds have come online, they are still not enough say health experts. The disease has also reached the country's prison system. The government has renewed the state of emergency by two additional months and the ministry of education has said school will soon resume. The mandatory wearing of masks went into effect on May 11.

The Pan American Health Organization has expressed great concerns about how the pandemic is being managed. Still, the government recently formed a task force to reopen the two international airports. On April 20, a 30-day state of emergency was extended for another month, however, factories were allowed to resume operations. The government also issued new rules for stranded Haitian nationals seeking to return to the country. Though the government closed schools, non-essential businesses and banned gathering of more than 10 people, it has struggled to enforce its own measures.

Haitian health officials announced the first death on April 5, a 55-year-old man with diabetes and hypertension, whom the prime minister confirmed was a collaborator with the justice ministry. The city of Tabarre has announced the arrest of business owners and individuals operating after 8 p.m. in the city. The cities of Petionville and Carrefour have also limited public markets to certain days of the week and demanded that masks be worn in public. President Jovenel Moïse confirmed the country's first two positive COVID-19 cases on March 19, and announced sweeping new "lockdown" measures. A partial travel ban that still allowed flights from Cuba and the United States was expanded to a full shutdown of the country's two international airports and seaports. Schools, universities and factories were also closed, and an 8 p.m. to 5 a.m. curfew was imposed. Declaring a state of emergency, Moïse said gatherings of more than 10 people are prohibited and the population should practice social distancing. Over the March 21 weekend, police arrested several pastors and Vodou priests, accusing them of defying the order. Four managers and owners of supermarkets and pharmacies were also arrested, accused of price gouging. All have been provisionally released. These measures are in addition to a closure of the country's border with the Dominican Republic and a ban on foreign travel by members of the government. The country on March 30 authorized seven factories to reopen to make masks and hospital garments.

Honduras: In recent weeks, the Honduran government has increased testing. The number of confirmed cases doubled during the first week of May and continues to rise. As of May 23, the Central American nation has 3,477 cases and 167 deaths, according to the National Risk Management System (SINAGER).

The Honduran government extended the nationwide curfew until May 24 after a previous deadline of May 17. The country's borders, which have been closed except for cargo, Honduran residents and citizens, and diplomatic staff since March 15, will remain that way until further notice. A system based on the ending number of the population's official ID card has been put in place to allow individuals to get food, medicine and fuel during limited hours. The elderly, women who are pregnant, and individuals with disabilities can do so earlier than the rest.

Most nonessential businesses, which were ordered to close in March, started to reopen up in early May, including some restaurants through drive-through or delivery services. Gas stations, "pulperías" or small neighborhood markets, supermarkets and pharmacies were allowed to open to supply basic supplies. However, President Juan Orlando Hernández's ban of all public events, regardless of the number of attendees, remains in place. Visits to nursing homes, hospitals and the like are still prohibited. Nearly all private and public workers are still home. Schools remain closed as well. Hernández previously declared a "red alert" on all 18 departments. Anyone who doesn't comply with the directives is subject to a jail sentence ranging from 6 months to 2 years.

Jamaica: Positive COVID-19 infections continue including from recently repatriated cruise ship workers. On May 30, Jamaica reported 575 confirmed cases after registering an additional seven cases in 24 hours. A total of 289 people have recovered, giving the island a recovery rate of 50.3 percent. The new cases are all imported and consist of the five cruise ship workers cruise ship workers who were repatriated from Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines' Adventure of the Seas. The communities of Dover, Enfield and Annotto Bay were placed under quarantine on May 7 for two weeks. Overall, there have been nine deaths.

Effective June 1, Jamaica began implementing new controlled re-entry protocols be based on risk assessment of the country people are traveling from. To be repatriated, individuals will need Jamcovid Travel Authorization to land.

As of May 16, churches were allowed to resume services but are required to do temperature checks and implement social distancing. Community bars also will be allowed to operate as of May 19 during a two-week trial period. No more than five people can be inside at any time and no group games or parties allowed.

The government had issued a seven-day extension of the 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. curfew as of 6 p.m. until May 13. It also announced that schools will remain closed until the new school year resumes on September 7. The closure of bars, nightclubs, beaches, rivers and other attractions remain in place. Persons 65 years and over are not required to go to work and those 70 and older are to remain home along with persons who are ill. Most of the measures under the Disaster Risk Management Act were extended until May 31 with some modifications on operating hours of markets, vending in public arcades and public transportation centers. The government also put in place a task force to look at its call centers, which today represent the largest source of COVID-19 infections.

Jamaica is continuing to see community spread with cases involving five Ministry of Health workers and employees at a call center in St. Catherine. The country was previously under an island-wide curfew from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. that went into effect on April 22.

In April the government announced a clampdown of St. Catherine parish after 18 new COVID-19 infections were traced to an Alorica call center. All residents had to remain confined to their homes on April 23, April 26 and on April 28. With the anticipated lifting of the quarantine for St Catherine this week, workplaces are advised to ensure readiness for infection prevention and control.

Previously, the country announced an island-wide lockdown on April 1, from 8 p.m. to 6 a.m. to slow the spread of COVID-19 after initially resisting calls to do so. Jamaica has a Quarantine Portal to allow people to do a self-assessment and for employers to check on the quarantine status of employees. Mobile testing units will soon be launched and the Jamaica Defense Force is transforming the National Indoor Stadium into a field hospital able to care for 130 people. Jamaica previously reported its first healthcare worker, a 45-year-old female registered nurse, infected with COVID-19.

It has also extended a nationwide entry ban through April 17, that remains in effect. Police have been asked to check the flight manifests of people who arrived in Jamaica March 18-23 to ensure that those passengers are in self-quarantine. The country had previously announced limits on the number of people allowed in taxis and restaurants and restrictions for visitors who must remain confined to their hotels. All nonessential employees also must work from home. The government had also announced a two-week closure of schools, and a ban on all public gatherings. There's also a ban on travel for individuals who have visited China, Iran, South Korea, Italy and Singapore along with the suspension of flights from Spain, France and Germany. Parts of the island remain under quarantine and the government has recruited retired medical professionals. Prime Minister Andrew Holness has declared Jamaica a disaster area because of the threat of the coronavirus infections and said he was seeking 100 Cuban nurses to help.

Martinique: As of May 23, the French overseas territory reported 197 COVID-19 cases and still had 14 deaths. Confinement measures ended on May 11 in all French territories. Air France is operating flights twice a week on Tuesdays and Thursdays from Martinique to Paris. A curfew is now in effect from 9 p.m. to 4 a.m. Gatherings of more than 10 people are still prohibited.

Martinique's borders remain closed to foreign nationals who lack a permanent residence permit in one of the Schengen member and associated states, the European Union or United Kingdom. Following a quarantine implemented by the French government, tourists were encouraged to leave and locals were ordered to remain in confinement until further notice. In order to go out for any reason an exemption certificate is required. All leisure activities, restaurants, bars and businesses are closed. Public transportation is no longer in operation. After having no travel restrictions, stringent measures have been imposed in the French Caribbean: No cruises, maritime transportation or inbound flights are allowed. All international flights to and from Martinique were interrupted as of March 23. Flights from Martinique to France have been restricted and apply between the five French overseas Islands: Saint-Martin, Saint Barthélemy Guadeloupe, French Guiana and Martinique. Travelers returning from risk zones are asked to monitor their temperature, wear a surgical mask, reduce nonessential activities, and avoid places with at-risk individuals for 14 days. For more information, travelers should visit the public health website.

Mexico: The number of confirmed and suspected cases is still increasing daily in several regions of Mexico. Hospitalizations are also on the rise. The country has registered 28,137 additional infections over eight days and 2,941 additional deaths. As of May 31, Mexico had 90,664 COVID-19 infections and 9,930 deaths. Authorities previously said the country would reach a peak May 8-10. Hospitals were expected to reach high levels of occupancy during that period particularly in Baja California, Mexico City, Mexico State, Sinaloa, Tabasco, and Quintana Roo.

After finally acknowledging that COVID-19 transmission is widespread, the government has called for people to remain home and this week, deployed members of the armed forces to the six states most affected by the virus to protect medical facilities and workers as well as escort shipments of medical supplies.

Until May 30, all non-essential activities in most municipalities are suspended; schools are closed and meetings of 100 participants or more are banned. International commercial flight options still exist. On March 21, the United States and Mexico agreed to restrict non-essential travel along the U.S.-Mexico land border to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus.

Montserrat: The British territory is still reporting 11 cases and no deaths as of May 31 after not recording any new cases since April 12. As of 12:01 a.m. Saturday, May 23, restaurants, cook shops, barber shops, and religious establishments were allowed to operate, but must implement social distancing and sanitizing measures. No in-house dinning allowed and a new curfew is in effect from 8 p.m. to 5 a.m. daily.

A 24-hour curfew and new measures were implemented by the government on March 28 until April 14, and had been extended until April 30. The government has announced financial support for individuals and businesses in the tourism sector, as part of its stimulus package in response to COVID-19.

Premier Joseph E. Farrell had said the British territory cannot remain in lockdown mode indefinitely, and the government is working on measures to allow the incremental opening of some businesses and services. He also announced that a medical team from Cuba is en-route to the country.

The government confirmed its first case of COVID-19 on March 17. It was among several suspected cases being investigated after a flight with Antigua and Montserrat-bound passengers turned up positive in Antigua. Prior to the news, officials had already restricted gatherings in excess of 50 people until April 3 but has extended the ban. Schools are also closed. St. Patrick's Festival activities were officially canceled.

Nicaragua: The Central American country reported 885 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 35 deaths as of May 31. One of the last Central American nations, along with El Salvador and Belize, to confirm COVID-19 cases, the country has refused to adopt strict social distancing measures. The Pan American Health Organization has expressed concerns about the government's reporting and its refusal to impose strict social distancing measures. The organization said recently there is limited communication with the government, currently. Spirit Airlines, American Airlines and United have all suspended flights. On March 14, the Daniel Ortega government held a "Love in the Time of COVID-19" parade, which included a rally in downtown Managua.

Panama: Infections and fatalities continue. On May 31 the country had registered 13,018 and 330 deaths. On May 11, the government announced a gradual plan to reopen the economy beginning May 13. The government enacted a nationwide quarantine that went into effect on March 25. Fines for breaking quarantine are between $50,000 to $100,000. All international and domestic commercial passenger flights remain suspended. The U.S. Embassy is compiling a list of people seeking to leave Panama. After registering the first COVID-19 death in Central America, Panama announced the temporary closure of all schools and universities located in the regions of North and Central Panama, and San Miguelito.

Paraguay: Cases continues to increase. The country has registered 986 confirmed cases and 11 deaths as of May 31 according to its health ministry. On April 26 the country eased restrictions on mobility and instituted what it's calling "a smart quarantine." But President Abdo Benitez has warned that a lockdown will have to be reinstated if the population doesn't comply by the new rules. On March 20, the government ordered everyone to remain at home except to purchase food, medicine and other emergencies. Researchers say that without those social-distancing measures, the country would have more than 800 cases now. Commercial flights have been suspended at all Paraguayan airports until further notice, with limited exceptions for repatriation flights. Non-residents of Paraguay are not permitted to transit the airport in Asuncion.

Peru: Peru's national state of emergency and quarantine measures are extended through Tuesday, June 30. Despite shuttering its borders and calling out the military to enforce a curfew and social-distancing, Peru has seen an explosion of new cases and has the highest infection rate in Latin America after Brazil. As of May 31, there were 155,671 cases registered and 4,371 fatalities due to the novel virus.

The country, along with Panama and Colombia, has implemented measures restricting when people can go outside based on gender. In Peru, men can leave on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. The South American country went on total lockdown on March 17. Residents are being ordered to stay indoors and a curfew is in place. Those measures were supposed end on May 24.

Puerto Rico: Cases continue to rise in the U.S. territory which has reopened beaches, restaurants, churches, hair salons and retail stores under strict new rules after a two-month lockdown.

As of May 31, Puerto Rico had reported 3,776 cases of the coronavirus and 136 deaths. Officials previously said they were combing through their data after problems became apparent in mid April. The U.S. territory of 3.2 million closed its beaches, parks and all nonessential businesses on March 16 but has slowly began reopening. On May 4, some professional services companies were allowed to reopen and the construction and manufacturing sectors were slated to resume working May 11. Even so, a stay-at-home order was put in place through May 23. All airports, except the principal international airport in San Juan, are closed to commercial aviation. There is also a 7 p.m. to 5 a.m. curfew.

St. Barthelemy: The French overseas territory has reported no new infections over 27 days and confirmed cases remain at six with no deaths as of May 31. Confinement measures extended until May 11 have ended. All restrictions for France's overseas territories apply here as well.

St. Kitts and Nevis: The country is preparing to head into general elections on Friday, June 5. After inviting the Organization of American States on May 19 to observe the vote, Prime Minister Timothy Harris, who dissolved Parliament on May 13, rescinded the offer on May 27, citing the COVID-19 quarantine protocols. The opposition, led by former Prime Minister Denzil Douglas, has challenged the state of emergency as unconstitutional. As of May 31, all 15 individuals who were infected with COVID-19 have recovered. No one died in St. Kitts and Nevis from coronavirus-related complications. A limited curfew remains in effect. On May 13, Prime Minister Timothy Harris announced the dissolution of Parliament, paving the way for general election . Beaches on may be accessed from 5:30 a.m. until 9 a.m. Monday to Friday.

On April 9, a 24-hour curfew went in effect until Thursday, April 16 and was extended a day before deadline for six months. On April 25 a new round of regulations were introduced until May 9 to control COVID-19. This includes limited and 24-hour curfews. Harris had previously announced that from 6 a.m. Saturday, April 18 to 6 a.m. Saturday April 25, a 24-hour curfew would be in effect. He also announced an easing of restrictions when there will be a partial curfew restored to allow individuals to purchase the necessary supplies to remain in their homes during the 24-hour curfew. During the extended state of emergency, no one is permitted to be away from their residence without special exemption as an essential worker or permission from the commissioner of police.

Previously the government announced a 24-hour curfew, from March 31 to April 3. It was then extended to April 7 before this latest extension. Taiwan's embassy announced on Twitter's that 40,000 face masks, made in Taiwan, have been sent to the federation.

On March 25, the country became one of three nations in a 24-hour period to finally confirm the coronavirus had reached its shores. The government closed the country's borders to all commercial flights as of 12:01 a.m.March 26. Medical emergency flights, and international cargo via ships are still allowed. The government previously had no travel restrictions but all incoming air passengers were required to list the countries they had visited in the last six weeks. It also asked anyone who had traveled to the following countries in the last 14 days to not visit: China, Italy, Iran, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, Japan, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Spain. Persons who arrived in St. Kitts & Nevis from these destinations were subjected to a mandatory 14-day quarantine period following screening at the port of entry.

St. Lucia: The government reopened its airport on June 1 but to travelers from the U.S. only, for now. Visitors must present certified proof of a negative COVID-19 test within 48 hours of boarding their flight. They will need to use a mask in country and will be subjected to temperature checks at port of entries. Also 1,500 hotel rooms in Saint Lucia are being prepared, pending completion of a new COVID-19 certification process.

St. Lucia, which closed its borders on March 23, currently has no confirmed cases of COVID-19. The country had 18 confirmed cases, no deaths and all have recovered. A 10-hour curfew from 7 p.m. to 5 a.m. will continue to be in effect from April 27 and has been extended until May 31 along with other emergency measures. Private vehicles are allowed to carry only two people during this time.

The health ministry said its last confirmed case was reported on April 10. Permission has been given to computers and office supplies (except furniture) businesses to commence operation as of April 21. The country, however, remains on a partial shutdown and on a 10-hour curfew from 7 p.m. to 5 a.m. Some of the national protocols include: stay at home as much as possible, unless it is for food or medical purposes, avoid mass crowd events and social gatherings, practice physical distancing and hand washing. The country began a 24-hour curfew on April 1 until April 7. All residents were required to remain confined in their homes and the National Management Organization said it would deliver food and other items to the poor and vulnerable. Appealing to the rising interest in "armchair travel," the Saint Lucia Tourism Authority has launched a blog showcasing the island through its website and Facebook platform @travelSaintLucia.

On March 23, the government declared a state of emergency and announced a partial scale-down of all nonessential economic and social activities until April 5. That has since been extended. All airports are closed to incoming commercial and private flights. Cargo flights and repatriation flights from Saint Lucia will be permitted. Only restaurants that do take out, delivery or drive-thru are allowed to operate. In an effort to contain the disease, the government had already closed schools, banned cruise ships, imposed travel restrictions for several countries and scaled back nonessential services. Persons who travel from the U.S. within the last 14 days who develop respiratory symptoms will be isolated and tested for COVID-19. Prime Minister Allen Chastanet, who went into self-quarantine after experiencing a cough following a visit to Miami, reported he tested negative for COVID-19.

St. Martin: There are now 41 confirmed cases and three deaths as of May 31. A 24-hour confinement that had extended in all French overseas territories, as well as France, ended on May 11. The new plan, which is extended to June 1, allows movement in public space if social distancing is applied. Gatherings of more than 10 persons are still prohibited. Schools were scheduled to gradually reopen as of May 11 but not universities and higher education. Festivals and big events are not authorized before mid-July.

Travel restrictions remain. Both the French and Dutch governments have issued a decree stating that all outdoor recreational activities such as going to the beach, hotels pools and shared pools in residences are prohibited until further notice. The rotations between Saint-Martin and the island of Anguilla, and Saint-Martin and the island of Saint-Barthelemy are suspended until further notice from the Ferry Station of Marigot. Both the French and Dutch governments have agreed to a "friendly border control" to reduce the possibility of the spread of COVID-19. As such, residents are only allowed to cross the border for work or health purposes. The French Maritime Zones are closed until further notice.

St. Vincent and the Grenadines: A group of repatriated cruise ship workers, infected with the novel coronavirus, has increased the number of confirmed COVID-19 infections in St. Vincent and the Grenadines from 18 to 26 as of May 31. The island has recorded no fatalities. Early on Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves announced that he would seek help from Cuba to combat the coronavirus. He also said his administration is seeking to employ at least 20 nurses locally in addition to three medical doctors from Havana, who specialize in handling infectious diseases, including COVID-19, according to local press reports. To limit spread of the virus through its nine inhabited islands and cays, the government has ordered the suspension of certain formal ports of entry while the hours of operation at other ports will be expanded in some instances.

Sint Maarten: There were 78 confirmed cases as of May 31 and 15 deaths. Since April 14th, the Dutch government implemented a relaxation of the confinement restrictions in order to let the population have easier access to basic commodities. This includes the reopening of banks, supermarkets, bakeries, gas stations and pharmacies as of April 15. Social distancing and the wearing of a mask in public are compulsory. All stores are required to close at 6pm until further notice. Schools remain closed until further notice.

On April 5th, government enforced a full shutdown for two weeks after partially restricting residents' movement. Some supermarkets and two gas stations were allowed to operate only in an emergency. On March 30, a daily curfew took effect from 8 p.m. until 6 a.m. Both the Prefecture and the Collectivité issued a decree stating that all outdoor recreational activities such as going to the beach, hotels pools and shared pools in residences are prohibited until further notice. The Dutch territory registered its first case of COVID-19 on March 17. Effective that day, all international flights and cruises originating from the United States, Europe and the United Kingdom to Sint Maarten were canceled for 21 days, upgraded from two weeks. Travelers from China, Hong Kong, Iran, Italy, Japan, Korea , Macao, Singapore, Spain and Germany in the past 21 days were also banned from transiting or entering St. Maarten. The travel restriction also applies to other seafaring vessels, according to a travel advisory from the U.S. Consulate General in Curacao.

Suriname: The South American nation now has 27 confirmed infections and still one death as of May 31. The new infections were registered following the country's May 25 general elections. While final results are still pending, preliminary results show President Desiré "Dési" Bouterse, 74, and his governing multi-ethnic National Democratic Party coalition losing their governing majority. Bouterse, who has been in power for 40 years, faced a murder conviction, corruption scandals, souring economy -- and a global pandemic as he tried to hold onto power. Prior to the vote, Suriname had confirmed 10 infections and one death. On April 11, Suriname and France announced joint efforts to prevent illegal crossings of the Marowijne river separating Suriname and French Guiana. A 51-member Cuban medical brigade is currently in the Dutch-speaking South American nation to help combat COVID-19. The country's airports and land borders have remained closed after Vice President Michael Ashwin Adhin announced the closure as of March 14.

Trinidad and Tobago: As of May 31, there was one additional infection of COVID-19 recorded in the country for a total of 117 cases and eight deaths.

On May 11, the country began easing some restrictions. The Stay-at-Home measures for non-essential workers remain in place until May 23, however, with some exceptions. Food establishments, restaurants and vendors will be allowed to operate daily until 8 p.m. Only takeout, curbside pickup, deliveries and drive-thru will be allowed. All street food businesses will be allowed to resume. No in-house dining allowed. Members of the public will be allowed to engage in restricted outdoor exercise but no contact or team sporting events allowed. Some businesses are also being allowed to resume operations. Borders remain closed.

It is expected that the manufacturing sector and public sector construction will reopen on May 24th representing the second phase of a six phase process of reopening the economy. During the start of phase three, slated to start June 7th, all public servants are expected to return to work with flex-time and alternate day-work schedules.

The government announced a financial aid package to hoteliers to upgrade their properties in preparation for the reopening of hotels post COVID-19.

On Sunday, April 19, the government announced it was furthering limiting the operating hours for hardware, plumbing and electrical businesses.

On Sunday, April 5, the health ministry advised citizens that once they are out in public, cloth and homemade masks should be worn as part of their personal protection. The health ministry has said that 52 of positive cases are passengers from the ill-fated Costa Favalosa cruise ship who tested positive after returning home from Guadeloupe. The country previously expanded COVID-19 testing and designated March 29 as a National Day of Prayer. It also announced: the closure of the National Archives' public search room until further notice, restrictions on hospital visiting hours and visitors and closure of the country's land and sea borders to non-nationals. The twin-island also has imposed a fine of $889 or six months in prison for those who breach quarantine.

Turks and Caicos Islands: The territory plans to reopen its borders on July 22. The Grand Turk Cruise Center will remain closed until August 31 subject to guidance from relevant health authorities. No new infections have been reported. A number of key government departments resumed operations as of May 11 as part of a phased reopening. The airports remain closed for international passengers. Officers were deep cleaned and protective glass has been installed, the government said. The British territory still has 12 confirmed cases and one death as of May 23 with one death. Schools were scheduled to reopen April 20th but remain closed due to an extension of the curfew.

All airports and seaports were closed to international passenger travel on March 24 and closure has been extended until June 1. Domestic, cargo, emergency, medevac and courier flights are exempted. No cruise ships are permitted to enter the Islands until after June 30, 2020. The chain recently deported 225 Haitian migrants to Haiti after they arrived illegally. As result of the 24-hour curfew, islanders are only allowed to exercise away from home between 5 a.m. and 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. and 7 p.m. for no more than one-and-a-half-hours alone or with a single family member in the same household. Three men were arrested on March 23 for breaching curfew. Hospitals have restricted visiting hours. The Turks and Caicos Islands Hospital received a public health notification that a temporary worker who visited the country March 8 to 13 to train hospital employees tested positive for COVID-19 shortly after his return to the U.S. Test results were negative for hospital employees who were in contact with the 35-year-old American worker.

U.S. Virgin Islands: The number of confirmed cases are 70 as of May 31 with six deaths. The U.S. territory reopened hotels to foreign travelers on June 1 as it focuses on reviving leisure travel. On Monday, April 20, all public beaches in the U.S. territory opened with the exception of St. Croix's Cramer's Park. Beach restaurants reopened for take-out only with alcohol sales restricted. Social distancing guidelines remain in effect, as well as prohibitions on gatherings of more than 10. or more. The "All Eyes on We for 2020" Carnival Virgin Islands on St. Thomas has been postponed. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has agreed to build a 50-bed auxiliary hospital to care for COVID-19 patients.

The country said it is currently trying to identify eligible taxpayers for stimulus checks and trying to get the federal government to agree to a $250 subsidy for residential electricity bills and $500 for commercial businesses during the ongoing state of emergency. An economic task force has been created to guide the government on the path forward. Officials had announced previously that effective March 25, the U.S. Virgin Islands would be closed to all visitors for 30 days. Hotels, guest houses, bed and breakfasts and charter vessels also are restricted from accepting new guests but those on island have been allowed to stay. Gov. Albert Bryan Jr., who declared a state of emergency on March 13, has not imposed a curfew but is asking residents to shelter in place. He has ordered all nonessential businesses, including bars, closed and told residents to stay at home. No in-restaurant dining is allowed. The elderly are allowed to shop before business hours at certain stores. The territory had previously instituted travel restrictions similar to those announced by President Donald Trump, which includes China and Iran, and certain European countries.

Uruguay: Cases continue to rise. Uruguay has 823 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 22 deaths within its borders as of May 31. Unlike some of its neighbors, Uruguay never imposed a strict lockdown, however, it did close its land borders to Brazil and Argentina and suspended most air traffic, along with barring foreign nationals. People are encouraged to self-quarantine.

Venezuela: The number of confirmed infections has increased by nearly 600 over the last eight days with Venezuela now reporting 1,510 COVID-19 infections as of May 23. The country is reporting four additional deaths for 14 fatalities. The Pan American Health Organization has expressed concerns about the government's extensive use of rapid tests, rather than lab testing, in Venezuela to confirm cases. On March 17, Venezuela declared a national quarantine, requiring businesses to stay shut and people to stay home. Those who do venture out are required to wear surgical masks. The country has also canceled all flights to Europe and Colombia. Venezuela has one of the weakest public health systems in the region, and experts fear the coronavirus there will have a disproportionate effect.

Miami Herald and el Nuevo Herald reporters Jacqueline Charles, Jim Wyss, Jimena Tavel and Nora Gámez Torres compiled this list using information from the Pan American Health Organization, U.S. embassy travel advisories and governments of the region. It is being updated as information becomes available.

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